Development of an Assessment Instrument for Student Self-efficacy in Artificial Intelligence: Data from Gifted Primary and Secondary School Students in Hong Kong

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools into daily life has become prevalent, particularly in education contexts. Despite extensive research on advanced AI technology in various educational fields, currently lacking are studies focusing on evaluation of students' self-efficacy in using AI tools to enhance their life skills development. The aim of this study was to conceptualize student self-efficacy and to develop a Student AI Self-Efficacy Scale (SAI-SES) for use with gifted students. An online survey was conducted, collecting data from a total of 377 gifted primary and secondary school students in Hong Kong. Three studies were then conducted, collecting evidence indicating that the 18-item SAI-SES is a psychometrically sound scale, with appropriate reliability, content validity, construct validity, and convergent validity. The scale assesses four domains: Personal Management and Growth, Academic Support, Career and Educational Planning, and Social Interaction and Community Engagement. Measurement invariance across genders was confirmed. Implications are discussed.